ALKYL MONOGLUCOSIDES

Alkyl monoglucosides ine imwe D-glucose unit. Izvo zvimiro zvemhete zvakajairwa neD-glucose mayunitsi. Zvose zvindori zvishanu nenhanhatu zvinosanganisira atomu imwe yeokisijeni sezvo heteroatom ine hukama nefuran kana pyran system. Alkyl D-glucosides ine zvindori zvishanu-nhengo saka inodaidzwa kuti alkyl d-glucofuranosides, uye avo vane mhete-nhanhatu, alkyl D-glucopyranosides.

Yese maD-glucose mayuniti anoratidza basa reacetal iro kabhoni atomu ndiyo chete inobatanidzwa nemaatomu maviri eokisijeni. Izvi zvinonzi anomeric kabhoni atomu kana anomeric centre. Iyo inonzi glycosidic bond ine alkyl yakasara, pamwe chete nechisungo neatomu yeokisijeni yemhete ye saccharide, inobva kune anomeric carbon atomu. Nekutarisa mucheni yekabhoni, maatomu ekabhoni ezvikamu zveD-glucose anoverengerwa nguva nenguva (C-1 kusvika C-6) kutanga neanomeric kabhoni atomu. Maatomu eokisijeni anoverengwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yawo pacheni (O-1 kusvika O-6). Iyo anomeric kabhoni atomu inotsiviwa asymmetrically uye saka inogona kutora maviri akasiyana masisitimu. Iwo anozobuda mastereoisomers anonzi anomers uye anosiyaniswa nechirevo chekutanga α kana β. Zvinoenderana nemanomenclature magungano anomers anoratidza kuti imwe yeaviri magadzirirwo ayo ane glycosidic bond anonongedza kurudyi muFischer fungidziro mafomula eglucosides. Chaizvoizvo zvakapesana ndezvechokwadi nezve anomers.

Mune nomenclature ye carbohydrate chemistry, zita re alkyl monoglucoside rinoumbwa sezvizvi: Dhizaini yealkyl zvakasara, kusarudzwa kweanomeric configuration, syllable "D-gluc," dhizaini ye cyclic fomu, uye kuwedzera kwekuguma " parutivi.” Sezvo maitiro emakemikari mumasaccharides achiwanzoitika pane anomeric kabhoni atomu kana maatomu eokisijeni emapoka ekutanga kana echipiri ehydroxyl, kugadziridzwa kweasymmetrical kabhoni maatomu haawanzo kushanduka, kunze kweanomeric centre. Panyaya iyi, iyo nomenclature yealkyl glucosides inoshanda zvakanyanya, sezvo syllable "D-gluc" yemubereki saccharide D-glucose inochengetwa kana paine akawanda akajairika marudzi ekuita uye kugadziridzwa kwemakemikari kunogona kutsanangurwa ne suffixes.

Kunyangwe iyo systematics ye saccharide nomenclature inogona kuvandudzwa zvirinani zvinoenderana neFischer fungidziro mafomula, iwo maHaworth mafomula ane cyclic inomiririra yeketani kabhoni anowanzo kufarirwa semafomera ezvimiro zvesaccharides. Iwo mafungidziro eHaworth anopa zvirinani fungidziro yenzvimbo yemamorekuru chimiro cheiyo D-glucose mayunitsi uye anofarirwa mune ino chinyorwa. Mune mafomula eHaworth, maatomu ehydrogen akabatana nemhete yesaccharide kazhinji haaratidzirwe.