Zvido zvekugadzira zvekugadzira alkyl glycoside plant inobva paFisher synthesis inoenderana zvikuru nemhando yecarbohydrate inoshandiswa uye kureba kweketani yedoro rinoshandiswa.Kugadzirwa kwemvura-soluble alkyl glycosides inobva octanol / decanol uye dodecanol / tetradecanol yakatanga kuiswa. . Alkyl polyglycosides iyo, kune yakapihwa DP, isinganyungudika mumvura nekuda kwedoro rinoshandiswa (nhamba yeC maatomu mualkyl chian≥16) inobatwa nayo zvakasiyana.
Pasi pemamiriro ealkyl polyglucoside synthesis catalyzed ne acid, zvigadzirwa zvechipiri zvakadai sepolyglucose ether uye tsvina yemavara inogadzirwa. , zvakadai sekushisa, kumanikidzwa, nguva yekuita, catalyst, etc.Imwe yezvinetso zvinogadziriswa nekugadzirwa kwekugadzirwa kwemabhizimisi alkyl polyglycosides mumakore achangopfuura ndiko kuderedza kuumbwa kwezvigadzirwa zvechipiri zvine chokuita nekugadzirwa.
Kazhinji, pfupi-cheni doro-yakavakirwa (C8/10-OH) uye yakaderera DP (hombe doro overdose) alkyl glycosides vane mashoma ekugadzira matambudziko. Muchikamu chekuita, nekuwedzera kwedoro rakawandisa, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvechipiri kunoderera. Inoderedza kushushikana kwekushisa uye inobvisa doro rakawandisa panguva yekugadzirwa kwepyrolysis zvigadzirwa.
Fisher glycosidation inogona kurondedzerwa senzira iyo glucose inobata nokukurumidza mukutanga kwekutanga uye oligomer equilibrium inowanikwa.Iri danho rinoteverwa nekuderera kunononoka kwealkyl glycosides.Kusvibisa kunosanganisira matanho akadai se dealkylation uye polymerization, iyo, pa yakawedzera kuwanda, irreversibly inoumba thermodynamically more stable polyglucose.The reaction musanganiswa inodarika the optimal reaction time inonzi overreaction.Kana iyo reaction ikapera nguva isati yakwana, the result reaction musanganiswa ine yakawanda yakasara glucose.
Kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvinoshanda zvealkyl glucoside mumusanganiswa wekuita kune hukama hwakanaka nekuumbwa kwepolyglucose. Muchiitiko chekuita zvakanyanya, musanganiswa wekuita zvishoma nezvishoma unova polyphase zvakare kuburikidza nekunaya kwepolyglucose.Naizvozvo, kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye goho rezvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kukanganiswa nenguva yekugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa.Kutanga neglucose yakasimba, alkyl glycosides mune zvigadzirwa zvechipiri. yakaderera muzvinyorwa, zvichibvumira zvimwe zvikamu zvepolar (polyglucose) uye macarbohydrates akasara kuti acheneswe kunze kwemusanganiswa unogadzirisa usina kumbobvira waita zvakakwana.
Mukuita kwakagadziridzwa, iyo etherification chigadzirwa chemisikidzo yakadzikira (zvichienderana nekuita tembiricha, nguva, mhando yecatalyst uye concentration, nezvimwewo).
Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza nzira yakajairika yekuita zvakananga kwe dextrose uye mafuta ane doro (C12 / 14-OH).

Iyo tembiricha uye kudzvanywa kwemaitiro ekuita ma parameter akabatana zvakanyanya kune imwe neimwe mune fischer glycation reaction.Kuti ibudise alkyl polyglycosides ine yakaderera yechipiri zvigadzirwa, kumanikidza uye tembiricha zvinofanirwa kuchinjirwa kune mumwe nemumwe uye kunyatsodzorwa.
Alkyl polyglycosides yakaderera mune zvechipiri zvigadzirwa zvinokonzerwa nekuderera kwekuita tembiricha (＜100℃) mune acetalization. Nekudaro, tembiricha yakaderera inokonzeresa kuita nguva refu (zvichienderana nehurefu hwecheni yedoro) uye yakaderera chaiyo reactor efficiencies. Zvine mwero tembiricha yekupindura (＞100 ℃, kazhinji 110-120 ℃) ​​inogona kutungamira shanduko muruvara rwemakabhohaidhiretsi. Nekubvisa zvigadzirwa zvakaderera-zvinovira (mvura mune yakananga synthesis, pfupi-cheni madoro mukuita transacetalization) kubva musanganiswa wekuita, iyo acetalization equilibrium inochinjirwa kudivi rechigadzirwa. Kana huwandu hwemvura huchigadzirwa pachikamu chenguva, semuenzaniso nekudziya kwakanyanya, gadziriro inofanirwa kuitwa yekubvisa zvakanaka kwemvura iyi kubva mumusanganiswa wekuita. Izvi zvinoderedza kuita kwechipiri (kunyanya kuumbwa kwe polydextrose) kunoitika pamberi pemvura. Iko kushanda kwe evaporation kwedanho rekuita kunoenderana kwete nekumanikidza chete, asiwo nzvimbo yekubuda, nezvimwe. Madimikira ekuita maitiro mune transacetalization uye yakananga synthesis akasiyana ari pakati pe20 ne100mbar.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwezvinokonzera zvakasarudzwa muhutano hweglycosidation, nokudaro kudzivisa, semuenzaniso, polyglucose kuumbwa uye etherification.Sezvatotaurwa, acetal kana reverse acetal muFischer synthesis inogadziriswa ne acids. inokodzera chinangwa ichi, senge sulfuric acid, p-toluene uye alkyl benzenesulfonic acid uye sulfonic succinic acid.The reaction rate inoenderana neacidity uye kuwanda kweasidhi mudoro.Secondary reactions inogonawo kucheneswa neacids ( semuenzaniso, kuumbwa kwepolyglucose) kunoitika zvakanyanya muchikamu chepolar (trace mvura) yemusanganiswa wekuita, uye cheni dzealkyl dzinogona kudzikiswa nekushandiswa kwehydrophobic acids (semuenzaniso, alkyl benzenesulfonic acid) inonyungudika zvakanyanya muchikamu chidiki chepolar. reaction musanganiswa.
Mushure mekuita, iyo acid catalyst inogadziriswa negasi rakakodzera, senge sodium hydroxide uye magnesium oxide.The neutralized reaction mix is ​​a pale yellow solution ine 50 kusvika 80 percent fatty alcohols. Kuwanda kwemafuta edoro kunokonzerwa nechiyero chemolar chemakhahydrates kune mafuta ane doro. Reshiyo iyi inogadziriswa kuti iwane chaiyo DP yeindasitiri alkyl polyglycosides, uye kazhinji iri pakati pe1:2 ne1:6.
Iyo yakawandisa mafuta doro inobviswa ne vacuum distillation. Mitemo yemiganhu yakakosha inosanganisira:
- Kusara kwemafuta edoro zvemukati muchigadzirwa kunofanirwa kunge kuri<1% nekuti zvimwe
huchenjeri solubility uye hwema zvinokanganiswa.
- Kuti uderedze kuumbwa kweasingadiwe pyrolysis zvigadzirwa kana discoloring zvikamu, kupisa kushushikana uye nguva yekugara yechigadzirwa chinonangwa chinofanira kuchengetedzwa zvakaderera sezvinobvira zvichienderana nehurefu hwecheni yedoro.
- Hapana monoglycoside inofanirwa kupinda mu distillate nekuti iyo distillate inodzokororwa mukuita seyakachena mafuta doro.
Kana iri dodecanol/tetradecanol, izvi zvinodiwa zvinoshandiswa pakubviswa kwemafuta akawandisa doro, izvo zvinonyanya kugutsa kuburikidza neakawanda ditillation. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti sezvo zvinyorwa zvemafuta ane doro zvinoderera, viscosity inowedzera zvakanyanya. Izvi zviri pachena kuti zvinokanganisa kupisa uye kutamiswa kwehuwandu muchikamu chekupedzisira che distillation.
Naizvozvo, matete kana mapfupi-evaporator evaporator anosarudzwa. Mune aya evaporator, iyo firimu inofamba inofamba inopa yakakwirira kupfuura evaporation kunyatsoita uye ipfupi chigadzirwa chekugara nguva, pamwe neakanaka vacuum. Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira mushure mekuita distillation inenge yakachena alkyl polyglycoside, iyo inoungana seyakasimba ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka ye70 ℃ kusvika 150 ℃. Iwo makuru maitiro matanho ealkyl synthesis anopfupikiswa seMufananidzo 5.

Zvichienderana nemaitiro ekugadzira anoshandiswa, imwe kana maviri doro cycle inoyerera inounganidza mukugadzirwa kwealkyl polyglycoside; madoro ane mafuta akawandisa, nepo madoro e-short-chain anogona kupedzwa zvachose. Madoro aya anogona kushandiswa zvakare mukuita kunotevera. Kudiwa kwekucheneswa kana kuwanda kwekuita nhanho dzekuchenesa kunoenderana nekusachena kwakaunganidzwa mudoro. Izvi zvinonyanya kuenderana nemhando yematanho ekutanga maitiro (semuenzaniso maitiro, kubvisa doro).
Mushure mekubviswa kwedoro rine mafuta, iyo alkyl polyglycoside inoshanda inonyungudika mumvura kuitira kuti paste ine viscous yakanyanya 50 kusvika 70% alkyl polyglycoside paste iumbwe. Mumatanho ekunatsa anotevera, paste iyi inoshandiswa kusvika pakugadzirwa kwemhando inogutsa maererano nezvinodiwa zvinoenderana nekuita. Aya matanho ekunatsa anogona kusanganisa kuchena kwechigadzirwa, kugadziridzwa kwemaitiro echigadzirwa, senge Ph kukosha uye inoshanda zvinhu zvemukati, uye microbial kugadzikana. Muzvinyorwa zvepatent, kune mienzaniso yakawanda yekudzikisa uye oxidative bleaching uye maviri-nhanho maitiro eoxidative bleaching uye reductive stabilization. Kuedza uye nekudaro mutengo unosanganisirwa mune aya maitiro matanho ekuwana humwe hunhu hwemhando, semuvara, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuita, pane zvekutanga zvinhu, iyo DP inodiwa uye kunaka kwematanho ekuita.
Mufananidzo 6 unoratidza maitiro ekugadzira maindasitiri e-refu-chain alkyl polyglycosides (C12/14 APG) kuburikidza neakananga synthesis)