NZIRA DZEKUGADZIRA ALKYL GLUCOSIDE

Fischer glycosidation ndiyo yega nzira yemakemikari synthesis yakagonesa kuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano ehupfumi uye nehunyanzvi mhinduro dzakakwana dzekugadzirwa kwakakura kwealkyl polyglucosides. Zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvine hunyanzvi hweanopfuura 20,000 t/gore zvakatoitika uye nekukudza huwandu hwechigadzirwa cheiyo surfactants indasitiri nepamusoro-inoshanda maejenti akavakirwa pane zvinogoneka kugadziridzwa zvinhu. D-Glucose uye linear C8-C16 fatty alcohols yakaratidza kuti ndiyo yakasarudzwa feedstocks. Aya maeducts anogona kushandurwa kuva pamusoro-anoshanda alkyl polyglucosides nenzira yakananga Fischer glycosidation kana maviri-nhanho transglycosidation kuburikidza nebutyl polyglucoside muhupo hwe acid catalysts, nemvura seyakagadzirwa. Mvura inofanira kunyungudutswa kubva mumusanganiswa wekuita kuitira kuti ishandure maitiro ekuenzanisa kune zvigadzirwa zvinodiwa. Munguva ye glycosidation process, inhomogeneities mumusanganiswa wekuita inofanira kudziviswa, sezvo ichitungamira mukuumbwa kwakanyanya kwezvinonzi polyglucosides, izvo zvisingadiwi zvakanyanya. Mazhinji ehunyanzvi stratagems saka anotarisisa pane homogenizing iyo educts n-glucose uye madoro, ayo asina kunyatso kuvhengana nekuda kwekusiyana kwavo mupolarity. Munguva yekupindura, glycosidic zvisungo zvinoumbwa zvese pakati pemafuta edoro uye n-glucose uye pakati peiyo n-glucose mayuniti pachawo. Alkyl polyglucosides nokudaro inoumba semisanganiswa yezvikamu zvine nhamba dzakasiyana dzemayuniti eglucose pane yakasara-cheni yealkyl. Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi, zvakare, chinoumbwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zve isomeric, sezvo ma-n-glucose units anotora mafomu akasiyana-siyana anomeric uye mafomu emhete mumakemikari equilibrium panguva yeFischer glycosidation uye glycosidic linkages pakati peD-glucose units inoitika munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinogona kusungirirwa. . Chiyero cheanomer chezvikamu zveD-glucose chinenge α/β＝ 2: 1 uye chinoratidzika chakaoma kupesvedzera pasi pemamiriro akatsanangurwa eFischer synthesis. Pasi pemamiriro akadzorwa ne thermodynamically, iyo n-glucose mayuniti ari mumusanganiswa wechigadzirwa anowanikwa zvakanyanya muchimiro che pyranosides. Nhamba inorehwa yen-glucose mayuniti pa alkyl zvakasara, iyo inonzi dhigirii yepolymerization, inonyanya kushanda ye molar ratio ye educts panguva yekugadzira. Nekuda kwezvavakadudzwa surfactant chaiyo [1] zvisungo, zvakakosha zvinopihwa kune alkyl polyglucosides ine madhigirii epolymerization pakati pe1 ne3, iyo inenge 3-10 mol mafuta edoro inofanira kushandiswa pa mole ye n-glucose mukuita.

Iyo dhigirii yepolymerization inodzikira sezvo yakawandisa mafuta doro inowedzera. Mafuta akawandisa doro anopatsanurwa uye anodzoserwa neakawanda-nhanho vacuum distillation process ine inodonha firimu evaporator, kuitira kuti kushushikana kwekupisa kuchengetwe kushoma. Tembiricha yekubuda mumhepo inofanirwa kunge yakakwira zvakaringana uye nguva yekusangana munzvimbo inopisa ingori yakareba zvakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi chekunyungudutswa kwedoro rakawandisa remafuta uye kuyerera kwealkyl polyglucoside kunyungudika pasina kukanganisa kwakakura. Nhevedzano yenhanho dzekubuda kwemhepo inogona kushandiswa zvine hungwaru kuparadzanisa kutanga chikamu chakaderera-chinofashaira, kozoita huwandu hukuru hwedoro rine mafuta, uye pakupedzisira doro rasara rine mafuta, kusvikira alkyl polyglycoside yanyungudika semvura inonyungudika.

Kunyangwe pasi pemamiriro akapfava ekugadzirisa uye kubuda kwemafuta edoro, zvisingadiwe brown discoloration ichaitika, uye bleaching maitiro anodiwa kunatsa chigadzirwa. Imwe nzira yekuchenesa iyo yakaratidza kuti yakakodzera ndeyekuwedzera oxidizing agent, senge hydrogen peroxide, kune aqueous kugadzirwa kwealkyl polyglycoside mune alkaline medium pamberi pema magnesium ion.

Zvidzidzo zvakawanda uye akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa mukugadzira, post-processing uye kunatsa maitiro anovimbisa kuti kunyangwe nanhasi, hapasati pachiri kushanda zvakanyanya "turnkey" mhinduro yekuwana chaiyo chigadzirwa giredhi. Pane zvinopesana, matanho ose ekugadzirisa anofanira kuumbwa. Dongfu inopa mamwe mazano ekugadzirisa dhizaini uye tekinoroji mhinduro, uye inotsanangura kemikari uye mamiriro emuviri ekuita, kupatsanura uye kunatsa maitiro.

Ese matatu maitiro makuru - homogeneous transglycosidation, slurry process, uye glucose feed technique-inogona kushandiswa pasi pemamiriro eindasitiri. Munguva yetransglycosidation, kusangana kwepakati butyl polyglucoside, iyo inoshanda sesolubilizer kune educts D-glucose uye butanol, inofanira kuchengetwa inopfuura 15% mumusanganiswa wekuita kuitira kudzivirira inhomogeneities. Nechinangwa chimwe chete, huwandu hwemvura mumusanganiswa wekuita unoshandiswa kune yakananga Fischer synthesis yealkyl polyglucosides inofanira kuchengetwa isingasviki 1%. Pamvura yepamusoro pane njodzi yekushandura iyo yakamiswa crystalline D-glucose kuita tacky mass, izvo zvinozokonzeresa kushata kugadzirisa uye kuwandisa polymerization. Kukurudzira kunobudirira uye homogenization kunosimudzira kugovera kwakanaka uye reactivity yecrystalline D-glucose mumusanganiswa wekuita.

Zvese zviri zviviri zvehunyanzvi uye zvehupfumi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza nzira yekubatanidza uye yayo yakanyanya kuoma kusiyana. Homogeneous transglycosidation process yakavakirwa paD-glucose syrups inoratidzika kunge yakanakira kuenderera kugadzirwa pamwero mukuru. Vanobvumira kuchengetedza kwechigarire pane crystallization yezvinhu zvakasvibirira D-glucose mucheni-yakawedzerwa, iyo inopfuura kubhadhara mari yepamusoro-yenguva imwe chete mu transglycosidation nhanho uye kudzorerwa kwebutanol. Kushandiswa kwen-butanol hakuna zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, nekuti inogona kudzokororwa zvakazara kuitira kuti zvakasara zvakasara muzvigadzirwa zvakadzoserwa zvingori zvikamu zvishoma pamiriyoni, izvo zvinogona kutorwa sezvisina kutsoropodza. Yakananga Fischer glycosidation zvinoenderana neiyo slurry process kana glucose feed tekinoroji inopa neiyo transglycosidation nhanho uye kudzoreredza kwebutanol. Inogona zvakare kuitwa nguva nenguva uye inodaidzira yakaderera capital capital.

Mune ramangwana, kupihwa uye mutengo wefossil uye zvinogonesa kugadziridzwa zvinhu, pamwe nekuenderera mberi kwetekinoroji mukugadzirwa kwealkyl polysaccharides, ichava nemhedzisiro pamusika kugona uye kugona kwekugadzira kwekusimudzira nekushandisa. Base polysaccharide yatove neyayo tekinoroji mhinduro dzinogona kupa zvakakosha zvemakwikwi mabhenefiti mumusika wekurapa wepamusoro kumakambani anovandudza kana kutora maitiro akadaro. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana mitengo yakakwira uye yakaderera. Mutengo wekugadzira wemugadziri wekugadzira wakakwira kusvika padanho renguva dzose, kunyangwe mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvemuno wakaderera zvishoma, unogona kugadzirisa zvinotsiva zvemasurfactants uye unogona kukurudzira kuisirwa zvirimwa zvitsva zvealkyl polysaccharide.