Transglycosidation maitiro uchishandisa D-glucose seyakagadzirwa.

Fischer glycosidation ndiyo yega nzira yemakemikari synthesis yakagonesa kuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano ehupfumi uye nehunyanzvi mhinduro dzakakwana dzekugadzirwa kwakakura kwealkyl polyglucosides. Zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvine hunyanzvi hweanopfuura 20,000 t/gore zvakatoitika uye nekukudza huwandu hwechigadzirwa cheiyo surfactants indasitiri nepamusoro-inoshanda maejenti akavakirwa pane zvinogoneka kugadziridzwa zvinhu. D-Glucose uye linear C8-C16 fatty alcohols yakaratidza kuti ndiyo yakasarudzwa feedstocks. Aya maeducts anogona kushandurwa kuita pamusoro-anoshanda alkyl polyglycosides neakananga Fischer glycosylation kana maviri-nhanho transglycosides yebutyl polyglycoside pamberi peiyo acid catalyst, ine mvura seyakagadzirwa. Mvura inofanira kunyungudutswa kubva mumusanganiswa wekuita kuti uchinje maitiro ekuenzanisa kune chigadzirwa chaunoda. Mune glycosylation process, inhomogeneities mumusanganiswa wekuita inofanirwa kudziviswa nekuti inogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kwakanyanya kweinonzi polydextrose, iyo inonyanya kudiwa. Naizvozvo, nzira dzakawanda dzehunyanzvi dzinotarisa kune homogenous educts n-glucose uye doro, izvo zvakaoma kusanganisa nekuda kwekusiyana kwavo polarities. Munguva yekupindura, glycosidic zvisungo zvinoumbwa zvese pakati pemafuta edoro uye n-glucose uye pakati peiyo n-glucose mayuniti pachawo. Alkyl polyglucosides nokudaro inoumba semisanganiswa yezvikamu zvine nhamba dzakasiyana dzemayuniti eglucose pane yakasara-cheni yealkyl. Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi, zvakare, chinoumbwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zve isomeric, sezvo ma-n-glucose units anotora mafomu akasiyana-siyana anomeric uye mafomu emhete mumakemikari equilibrium panguva yeFischer glycosidation uye glycosidic linkages pakati peD-glucose units inoitika munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinogona kusungirirwa. . Chiyero cheanomer chezvikamu zveD-glucose chinenge α/β＝ 2: 1 uye chinoratidzika chakaoma kupesvedzera pasi pemamiriro akatsanangurwa eFischer synthesis. Pasi pemamiriro akadzorwa ne thermodynamically, iyo n-glucose mayuniti ari mumusanganiswa wechigadzirwa anowanikwa zvakanyanya muchimiro che pyranosides. Avhareji yenhamba yeakajairwa glucose mayunitsi pane alkyl asara, iyo inonzi dhigirii repolymerization, ibasa reiyo molar ratio yemaeducts panguva yekugadzira maitiro. Nekuda kwehunhu hwadzo hunoshamisa, alkyl polyglycosides ine chidimbu chepolymerization pakati pe1 ne3 inonyanya kufarirwa, nechikonzero ichi 3-10 mamoles emafuta ane mafuta anofanirwa kushandiswa pa mole yeyakajairika glucose nenzira iyi.

Iyo dhigirii yepolymerization inoderera pakuwedzera kuwandisa kwemafuta edoro. Doro rine mafuta akawandisa rinopatsanurwa uye rinodzoserwa nenzira ye multistep vacuum distillation maitiro ane inodonha-firimu evaporator, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuchengetedza kupisa kwekushushikana kuri kushoma. Tembiricha yekubuda mumhepo inofanirwa kunge yakakwira zvakaringana uye nguva yekusangana munzvimbo inopisa ingori yakareba zvakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi chekunyungudutswa kwedoro rine mafuta akawandisa uye kuyerera kwealkyl polyglucoside kunyungudika, pasina kuitika kwekuora kukuru. Nhevedzano yematanho ekubuda evaporation inogona kushandiswa zvakanaka kupatsanura yekutanga yakaderera-inofashaira zvidimbu, kozoita huwandu hukuru hwedoro rine mafuta, uye pakupedzisira doro rine mafuta asara kusvika alkyl polyglucoside yanyungudika yawanikwa sezvisaririra zvinonyungudika nemvura.

Kunyangwe kana kusanganiswa uye kubuda kwedoro rine mafuta kunoitwa pasi pemamiriro akanyorova, kushanduka kwebrown kusingadiwe kunoitika, ichidaidzira maitiro eku bleaching ekunatsa zvigadzirwa. Imwe nzira yebleaching yakaratidza kuti yakakodzera ndeyekuwedzerwa kweoxidants sehydrogen peroxide kune aqueous gadziriro yealkyl polyglucosides mu alkaline medium pamberi pe magnesium ion.

Kuferefeta kwakasiyana-siyana uye kwakasiyana-siyana kunoshandiswa panguva yekubatanidza, kushanda, uye kunatswa zvinoratidza kuti nanhasi hapasati pasati pave nemhinduro dzinowanzoshanda dze "turnkey" dzekuwana mamakisi chaiwo echigadzirwa. Pane kudaro, matanho ese ekugadzirisa anofanirwa kugadziriswa, kugadziridzwa, uye kugadziridzwa. Chitsauko ichi chakapa mazano uye chakatsanangura dzimwe nzira dzinogoneka dzekugadzira zvigadziriso zvehunyanzvi, pamwe nekutaura zvakajairwa kemikari uye mamiriro emuviri ekuita maitiro, kupatsanura, uye kunatsa maitiro.

Ese matatu maitiro makuru - homogeneous transglycosidation, slurry process, uye glucose feed technique-inogona kushandiswa pasi pemamiriro eindasitiri. Munguva yetransglycosidation, kusangana kwepakati butyl polyglucoside, iyo inoshanda sesolubilizer kune educts D-glucose uye butanol, inofanira kuchengetwa inopfuura 15% mumusanganiswa wekuita kuitira kudzivirira inhomogeneities. Nechinangwa chimwe chete, huwandu hwemvura mumusanganiswa wekuita unoshandiswa kune yakananga Fischer synthesis yealkyl polyglucosides inofanira kuchengetwa isingasviki 1%. Pamvura yepamusoro pane njodzi yekushandura iyo yakamiswa crystalline D-glucose kuita tacky mass, izvo zvinozokonzeresa kushata kugadzirisa uye kuwandisa polymerization. Kukurudzira kunobudirira uye homogenization kunosimudzira kugovera kwakanaka uye reactivity yecrystalline D-glucose mumusanganiswa wekuita.

Zvese zviri zviviri zvehunyanzvi uye zvehupfumi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza nzira yekubatanidza uye yayo yakanyanya kuoma kusiyana. Homogeneous transglycosidation process yakavakirwa paD-glucose syrups inoratidzika kunge yakanakira kuenderera kugadzirwa pamwero mukuru. Vanobvumira kuchengetedza kwechigarire pane crystallization yezvinhu zvakasvibirira D-glucose mucheni-yakawedzerwa, iyo inopfuura kubhadhara mari yepamusoro-yenguva imwe chete mu transglycosidation nhanho uye kudzorerwa kwebutanol. Kushandiswa kwen-butanol hakuna zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, nekuti inogona kudzokororwa zvakazara kuitira kuti zvakasara zvakasara muzvigadzirwa zvakadzoserwa zvingori zvikamu zvishoma pamiriyoni, izvo zvinogona kutorwa sezvisina kutsoropodza. Yakananga Fischer glycosidation zvinoenderana neiyo slurry process kana glucose feed tekinoroji inopa neiyo transglycosidation nhanho uye kudzoreredza kwebutanol. Inogona zvakare kuitwa nguva nenguva uye inodaidzira yakaderera capital capital.

Kuvepo kweramangwana nemitengo yefossil uye inovandudzwazve mbishi, pamwe nekumwe kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi mukugadzira nekushandiswa kwealkyl polyglucosides, inogona kutarisirwa kuve nesimba rakasimba mukuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwemusika wemusika uye kugona kugadzira. Iwo anogoneka ehunyanzvi mhinduro atovepo pakugadzira uye kushandiswa kwealkyl polyglucosides anogona kupa yakakosha kukwikwidza mumusika wesurfactants kumakambani akagadzira kana kutoshandisa maitiro akadaro. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana paine mitengo yemafuta isina kukora yakakwira uye mitengo yezviyo yakaderera. Sezvo mitengo yakatarwa yekugadzira iri padanho rechivanhu kune vakawanda vanogadzira maindasitiri, kunyangwe kudzikiswa kushoma kwemutengo wezvigadzirwa zvemuno kunogona kukurudzira kutsiviwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemasurfactants uye zvinogona kukurudzira zvakajeka kuisirwa kwemiti mitsva yekugadzira yealkyl polyglucosides.